Articulation in music is the art of starting a note so that
        it has the clarity and intensity to express the intended
        music. Technically speaking, with a string instrument it is
        the bowing or plucking of the string, and with a wind
        instrument the combined use of the tongue and air. In order
        to develop proficiency in the use of articulation it is
        best for the player of a brass instrument to start with a
        simple air stream and to have the tongue gently touch the
        back of the teeth without breaking the flow of air. This
        feeling of flow is very important. A great many brass
        musicians only play into the instrument without
        playing through it, resulting in a
        less-than-optimal tone production. This can also lead to
        increased tension in the tongue without proper support from
        the airflow, which will slow down and "harden" the tongue,
        severely limiting the ability to express musical ideas.
        
        
        Let's try starting a note without the use of the tongue,
        just letting the air flow over the lips, exiting them into
        vibrating with a buzz. When the note is sounding we can
        develop a feeling for our tongue by moving it around the
        mouth and listening to the resulting change in sound
        quality. The next step is to let our tongue move to the
        different positions it takes in producing the vowels, a - e
        - i - o - u. After practicing this a few times, we relax
        the tongue and articulate a gentle "da", watching the
        movement of the tongue with our inner eye and listening to
        the resulting sound. We should practice this in different
        tempos and dynamics. We can also use a metronome to add
        another dimension of control to the exercise. The next step
        is to do the same with other syllables such as "ta", "do",
        "te" "di", "ti" in order to hear the difference in sound.
        In cantabile playing we will generally want to use the "da"
        position of the tongue; however, it is very important to
        develop the use of other syllables. Playing loud or soft in
        different registers will require a slightly different
        tongue position, and in contemporary music we often have to
        produce certain effects which make it necessary to use the
        tongue in peculiar ways.
        
        
        A helpful practice technique is to play every phrase
        slurred first before adding the articulation. This is very
        beneficial because it allows us to practice letting the air
        flow through the phrase without the complex movements of
        the tongue disturbing the air. By doing this we also learn
        to differentiate which muscles are used for tone production
        and slurring, and which for tonguing. Using the tongue to
        slur is a very common mistake that not only has a
        detrimental effect on the sound quality, but also limits
        our flexibility. In conclusion, good articulation is a very
        crucial aspect of playing any musical instrument, and its
        development is a process that take years of practice.